American Heart Journal
Volume 134, Issue 6 , Pages 1014-1018 , December 1997

Comparison of teaching the basic electrocardiographic concept of frontal plane QRS axis using the classical versus the orderly electrocardiogram limb lead displays

Received 7 October 1996 ,Accepted 13 June 1997.

References 

  1. Wagner GS. Interpretation of the normal electrocardiogram. In: 9th ed.  Pine JP editors. Mariott’s practical electrocardiography. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1994;p. 36–56
  2. Wagner GS. Recording the electrocardiogram. In: 9th ed.  Pine JP editors. Mariott’s practical electrocardiography. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1994;p. 30
  3. Cabrera E. Bases électrophysiologiques de L électrocardiographie, ses applications cliniques. Paris: Masson; 1948;
  4. Anderson S, Pahlm O, Selvester R, Bailey J, Berson A, Barold S, et al.  Panoramic display of the orderly sequenced 12 lead ECG. J Electrocardiol. 1994;27:347–352
  5. White T. Ordningsföljden för extremitets-avledningarna i EKG. Läkartidningen. 1971;68:1352–1356
  6. Fumagalli B. Unipolar value of standard limb leads: lead -VR and rational arrangement of limb leads. Am Heart J. 1953;48:204–223
  7. Dower GE, Nazzal SB, Pahlm O, Haistey WK, Mariott HL, Bullington RH, et al.  Limb leads of the electrocardiogram: sequencing revisited. Clin Cardiol. 1990;13:346–348
  8. Pahlm US, Pahlm O, Wagner GS. The standard 11-lead electrocardiogram: neglect of lead aVR in the classical limb lead display. J Electrocardiol. 1996;29:270–274

☆ From the aDepartment of Medicine/Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C., the bDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, and the cDepartment of Health Services Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.

☆☆ Ulrika Pahlm was supported as a Medical Student Research Fellow of the American Heart Association.

★ Reprint requests: Galen S. Wagner, MD, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3636, Durham, NC 27710.

★★ 4/1/86029

PII: S0002-8703(97)70020-6

American Heart Journal
Volume 134, Issue 6 , Pages 1014-1018 , December 1997

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