Clinical InvestigationValvular and Congenital Heart DiseaseRisk factors associated with the incidence and progression of mitral annulus calcification: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Section snippets
Study population and data collection
The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a longitudinal cohort study of 6,814 community-dwelling men and women aged 45–84 years without evidence of clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. Participants were recruited from 6 U.S. communities (Forsyth County, NC; Northern Manhattan and the Bronx, NY; Baltimore County, MD; St. Paul, MN; Chicago, IL; and Los Angeles County, CA). A description of the design of MESA has been published previously.11 Participants attended study visits
Baseline participant characteristics
Of the 6,814 participants within MESA, 5,895 underwent follow-up cardiac CT scans with assessment of MAC with a median between-scan interval of 2.3 [IQR 1.6, 3.1] years (Figure 1). The mean age was 62 ± 10 years and 46% were male. The cohort was ethnically diverse with 26% reported as black, 22% Hispanic, and 13% Chinese (Table I). Mitral annulus calcification was prevalent in 534 (9%) of participants at baseline, leaving 5,361 participants at risk for developing incident MAC.
Incident mitral annulus calcification
Of the 5,361
Discussion
Epidemiologic associations between prevalent MAC and cardiovascular risk factors support the hypothesis that MAC is a marker of atherosclerotic disease burden1, 7, 8, 9; however, the impact of atherosclerotic risk factors on MAC progression has never been addressed. The present analysis utilized the diverse MESA cohort in order to characterize the progression of MAC, specifically the development of incident MAC and the rate change in prevalent MAC. Using quantitative serial CT measurement of
Disclosures
Conflicts of interest: We have no relevant relationships with industry to report.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the other investigators, the staff, and the participants of the MESA study for their valuable contributions. A full list of participating MESA investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org.
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