American Heart Journal
Volume 160, Issue 2 , Pages 315-321 , August 2010

Aortic dissection in young adults who abuse amphetamines

  • Arthur N. Westover, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Arthur N. Westover, MD, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8828.
    • ,
  • Paul A. Nakonezny, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX
    • Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX

Received 5 February 2010 ,Accepted 12 May 2010.

References 

  1. World drug report 2009. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Available at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf, 2009.
  2. Results from the 2008 national survey on drug use and health: national findings. Table G.3. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Available at: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k8nsduh/2k8Results.pdf, 2009.
  3. The NSDUH report: nonmedical stimulant use, other drug use, delinquent behaviors, and depression among adolescents. Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration. Available at: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k8/stimulants/depression.pdf, 2008.
  4. Meszaros I, Morocz J, Szlavi J, et al. Epidemiology and clinicopathology of aortic dissection. Chest. 2000;117:1271–1278
  5. Kamalakannan D, Rosman HS, Eagle KA. Acute aortic dissection. Crit Care Clin. 2007;23:779–800
  6. Januzzi JL, Isselbacher EM, Fattori R, et al. Characterizing the young patient with aortic dissection: results from the international registry of aortic dissection (IRAD). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:665–669
  7. Davis GG, Swalwell CI. Acute aortic dissections and ruptured berry aneurysms associated with methamphetamine abuse. J Forensic Sci. 1994;39:1481–1485
  8. Kim MJ, Kim KS, Han SW, et al. A case of acute dissection of the aorta associated with methamphetamine abuse. Journal of The Korean Society of Echocardiography. 1999;7:75–79
  9. Kaye S, McKetin R, Duflou J, et al. Methamphetamine and cardiovascular pathology: a review of the evidence. Addiction. 2007;102:1204–1211
  10. Swalwell CI, Davis GG. Methamphetamine as a risk factor for acute aortic dissection. J Forensic Sci. 1999;44:23–26
  11. Wako E, LeDoux D, Mitsumori L, et al. The emerging epidemic of methamphetamine-induced aortic dissections. J Card Surg. 2007;22:390–393
  12. Dihmis WC, Ridley P, Dhasmana JP, et al. Acute dissection of the aorta with amphetamine misuse. BMJ. 1997;314:1665
  13. Duflou J, Mark A. Aortic dissection after ingestion of “ecstasy” (MDMA). Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2000;21:261–263
  14. McIntosh A, Hungs M, Kostanian V, et al. Carotid artery dissection and middle cerebral artery stroke following methamphetamine use. Neurology. 2006;67:2259–2260
  15. Hagan PG, Nienaber CA, Isselbacher EM, et al. The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD): new insights into an old disease. JAMA. 2000;283:897–903
  16. Nienaber CA, Eagle KA. Aortic dissection: new frontiers in diagnosis and management: part I: from etiology to diagnostic strategies. Circulation. 2003;108:628–635
  17. Lin AE, Lippe B, Rosenfeld RG. Further delineation of aortic dilation, dissection, and rupture in patients with Turner syndrome. Pediatrics. 1998;102:e12
  18. HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) . Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at: http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp2009;
  19. Overview of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). HCUP Databases Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Available at: http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp, 2009.
  20. Bruzzi P, Green SB, Byar DP, et al. Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122:904–914
  21. Westover AN, Nakonezny PA, Haley RW. Acute myocardial infarction in young adults who abuse amphetamines. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;96:49–56
  22. Wong DR, Lemaire SA, Coselli JS. Managing dissections of the thoracic aorta. Am Surg. 2008;74:364–380
  23. Wilens TE, Hammerness PG, Biederman J, et al. Blood pressure changes associated with medication treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66:253–259
  24. Biederman J, Mick E, Surman C, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of OROS methylphenidate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;59:829–835
  25. Hirst AE, Johns VJ, Kime SW. Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta: a review of 505 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1958;37:217–279
  26. Bostwick DG. Amphetamine induced cerebral vasculitis. Hum Pathol. 1981;12:1031–1033
  27. Brust JC. Vasculitis owing to substance abuse. Neurol Clin. 1997;15:945–957
  28. Rumbaugh CL, Bergeron RT, Scanlan RL, et al. Cerebral vascular changes secondary to amphetamine abuse in the experimental animal. Radiology. 1971;101:345–351
  29. Rumbaugh CL, Bergeron RT, Fang HC, et al. Cerebral angiographic changes in the drug abuse patient. Radiology. 1971;101:335–344
  30. Rumbaugh CL, Fang HC, Higgins RE, et al. Cerebral microvascular injury in experimental drug abuse. Invest Radiol. 1976;11:282–294
  31. Johnson BA, Wells LT, Roache JD, et al. Isradipine decreases the hemodynamic response of cocaine and methamphetamine: results from two human laboratory studies. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:813–822
  32. Hsue PY, Salinas CL, Bolger AF, et al. Acute aortic dissection related to crack cocaine. Circulation. 2002;105:1592–1595
  33. Daniel JC, Huynh TT, Zhou W, et al. Acute aortic dissection associated with use of cocaine. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:427–433
  34. Singh S, Trivedi A, Adhikari T, et al. Cocaine-related acute aortic dissection: patient demographics and clinical outcomes. Can J Cardiol. 2007;23:1131–1134
  35. Divakaran V, Mungee S, Salciccioli L, et al. Bedside ultrasound diagnosis of aortic dissection in a cocaine abuser. Eur J Intern Med. 2007;18:595–596
  36. Li W, Su J, Sehgal S, et al. Cocaine-induced relaxation of isolated rat aortic rings and mechanisms of action: possible relation to cocaine-induced aortic dissection and hypotension. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;496:151–158
  37. Su J, Li J, Li W, et al. Cocaine induces apoptosis in primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells: possible relationship to aortic dissection, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Int J Toxicol. 2004;23:233–237
  38. Westover AN, McBride S, Haley RW. Stroke in young adults who abuse amphetamines or cocaine: a population-based study of hospitalized patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:495–502
  39. Knipp BS, Deeb GM, Prager RL, et al. A contemporary analysis of outcomes for operative repair of type A aortic dissection in the United States. Surgery. 2007;142:524–528
  40. Cowan JA, Dimick JB, Henke PK, et al. Surgical treatment of intact thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms in the United States: hospital and surgeon volume-related outcomes. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:1169–1174
  41. Rigberg DA, McGory ML, Zingmond DS, et al. Thirty-day mortality statistics underestimate the risk of repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: a statewide experience. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:217–222
  42. Saad R, Yamada AT, Pereira da Rosa FHF, et al. Comparison between clinical and autopsy diagnoses in a cardiology hospital. Heart. 2007;93:1414–1419

 Funding sources: supported in part by NIH CTSA grant UL1 RR024982.

PII: S0002-8703(10)00427-8

doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.05.021

American Heart Journal
Volume 160, Issue 2 , Pages 315-321 , August 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution