American Heart Journal
Volume 158, Issue 3 , Pages 473-479 , September 2009

Risk factors and comorbidities associated with obesity in children and adolescents after the arterial switch operation and Ross procedure

Received 23 April 2009 ,Accepted 5 June 2009.

References 

  1. Pinto NM, Marino BS, Wernovsky G, et al. Obesity is a common comorbidity in children with congenital and acquired heart disease. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e1157–e1164
  2. Kavey RW, Allada V, Daniels SR, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction in high-risk pediatric patients. Circulation. 2006;114:2710–2738
  3. Jatene AD, Fontes VF, Souza LC, et al. Anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1982;83:20–26
  4. Ross DN. Replacement of aortic and mitral valves with a pulmonary autograft. Lancet. 1967;2:956–958
  5. Pedra SR, Pedra CA, Abizaid AA, et al. Intracoronary ultrasound assessment late after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:2061–2068
  6. Gagliardi MG, Adorisio R, Crea F, et al. Abnormal vasomotor function of the epicardial coronary arteries in children five to eight years after arterial switch operation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1565–1572
  7. Kipping RR, Jago R, Lawlor DA. Obesity in children. Part 1: epidemiology, measurement, risk factors, and screening. BMJ. 2008;337:a1824
  8. Vieira TCL, Trigo M, Alonso RR, et al. Assessment of food intake in infants between 0 and 24 months with congenital heart disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;88:624–628
  9. Ong KK, Emmett PM, Noble S, et al. Dietary energy intake at the age of 4 months predicts postnatal weight gain and childhood body mass index. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e503–e508
  10. Rudnicka AR, Owen CG, Strachan DP. The effect of breastfeeding on cardiorespiratory risk factors in adult life. Pediatrics. 2007;119:e1107–e1115
  11. Salbe AD, Weyer C, Lindsay RS, et al. Assessing risk factors for obesity between childhood and adolescence: I. Birth weight, childhood adiposity, parental obesity, insulin, and leptin. Pediatrics. 2002;110:299–306
  12. Massin MM, Hovels-Gurich HH, Gerard P, et al. Physical activity patterns of children after neonatal arterial switch operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:665–670
  13. Stefan MA, Hopman WM, Smythe JF. Effect of activity restriction owing to heart disease on obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. May 2005;159:477–481
  14. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA. 2004;291:2847–2850
  15. Himes JH, Dietz WH. Guidelines for overweight in adolescent preventive services: recommendations from an expert committee. The Expert Committee on Clinical Guidelines for Overweight in Adolescent Preventive Services. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:307–316
  16. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114(2 Suppl 4th Report):555–576
  17. Chinali M, de Simone G, Roman MJ, et al. Impact of obesity on cardiac geometry and function in a population of adolescents: the Strong Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2267–2273
  18. Devereux R, Alonso D, Lutas E, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol. 1986;57:450–458
  19. de Simone G, Daniels SR, Devereux RB, et al. Left ventricular mass and body size in normotensive children and adults: assessment of allometric relations and impact of overweight. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:1251–1260
  20. Rifas-Shiman SL, Gillman MW, Field AE, et al. Comparing physical activity questionnaires for youth: seasonal vs. annual format. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20:282–285
  21. Wolf AM, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, et al. Reproducibility and validity of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire. Int J Epidemiol. 1994;23:991–999
  22. Peterson K, et al. Validation of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) questions on dietary intake and physical activity among adolescents in grades 9 through 12. Boston (Ma): Report from the Harvard School of Public Health to the Division of School and Adolescent Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1996;
  23. Gortmaker SL, et al. Impact of a school-based interdisciplinary intervention on diet and physical activity among urban primary school children: eat well and keep moving. Arch Ped Ad Med. 1999;153:975–983
  24. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Leon AS, et al. Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25:71–80
  25. Hollingshead AB. Four factor index of social status. New Haven (Conn): Yale University Department of Sociology; 1975;
  26. Kuczmarski RJ, Carrol MD, Flegal KM, et al. Varying body mass index cut-off points to describe overweight prevalence among US adults: NHANES III (1988-1994). Obes Res. 1997;5:542–548
  27. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, et al. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1561–1566
  28. Marino BS, Wernovsky G, McElhinney DB, et al. Neo-aortic valvar function after the arterial switch. Cardiol Young. 2006;16:481–489
  29. Pasquali SK, Cohen MS, Shera D, et al. The relationship between neo-aortic root dilation, insufficiency, and reintervention following the Ross procedure in infants, children, and young adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:1806–1812
  30. Maron BJ, Mitchell JH. 26th Bethesda Conference: recommendations for determining eligibility for competition in athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24:845–899
  31. Rhodes J, Curran TL, Camil L, et al. Sustained effects of cardiac rehabilitation in children with serious congenital heart disease. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e589–e593
  32. Forchielli ML, McColl R, Walker WA, et al. Children with congenital heart disease: a nutrition challenge. Nutr Rev. 1994;52:348–353
  33. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, et al. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:869–873

PII: S0002-8703(09)00470-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.06.019

American Heart Journal
Volume 158, Issue 3 , Pages 473-479 , September 2009