American Heart Journal
Volume 158, Issue 4 , Pages e51-e57 , October 2009

Treatment of stable angina pectoris by ivabradine in every day practice: The REDUCTION Study

  • Ralf Köster, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Ralf Köster, MD, University Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg.
  • ,
  • Jan Kaehler, MD
  • ,
  • Thomas Meinertz, MD
  • ,
  • for the REDUCTION Study Group

Received 16 March 2009 ,Accepted 5 June 2009.

References 

  1. McLenachan JM, Weidinger FF, Barry J, et al. Relations between heart rate, ischemia, and drug therapy during daily life in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1991;83:1263–1270
  2. Andrews TC, Fenton T, Toyosaki N, et al. Subsets of ambulatory myocardial ischemia based on heart rate activity. Circadian distribution and response to anti-ischemic medication. The Angina and Silent Ischemia Study Group (ASIS). Circulation. 1993;88:92–100
  3. Heusch G, Schulz R. The role of heart rate and the benefits of heart rate reduction in acute myocardial ischemia. Eur Heart J. 2007;9(Suppl F):F8–F14
  4. Fraker TD, Fihn SD. 2007 Chronic Angina Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina. Circulation. 2007;116:2762–2772
  5. Fox K, Garcia MA, Ardissino D, et al. Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:1341–1381
  6. Donner-Banzhoff N, Held K, Laufs U, et al. Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Chronische KHK. Version 2008. Available at http://www.versorgungsleitlinien.de/themen/khk/pdf/nvl_khk_lang.pdfLast accessed January 22, 2009
  7. Dyer AR, Persky V, Stamler J, et al. Heart rate as a prognostic factor for coronary heart disease and mortality: findings in three Chicago epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1980;112:736–749
  8. Kannel WB, Kannel C, Paffenbarger RS, et al. Heart rate and cardiovascular mortality: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J. 1987;113:1489–1494
  9. Diaz A, Bourassa MG, Guertin MC, Tardif JC. Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:967–974
  10. Cook S, Togni M, Schaub MC, Wenaweser P, Hess OM. High heart rate: a cardiovascular risk factor?. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2387–2393
  11. Fox K, Borer J, Camm AJ, et al. Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:823–830
  12. Palatini P. Heart rate as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Current evidence and basic mechanisms. Drugs. 2007;67(Suppl 2):3–13
  13. Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, et al. Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:817–821
  14. DiFrancesco D. Funny channels in the control of cardiac rhythm and mode of action of selective blockers. Pharmacol Res. 2006;53:399–406
  15. DiFrancesco D, Camm JA. Heart rate lowering by specific and selective If current inhibition with ivabradine. Drugs. 2004;64:1757–1765
  16. Borer JS, Fox K, Jaillon P, et al. Antianginal and antiischemic effects of ivabradine, an If inhibitor, in stable angina. A randomized, double-blind, multicentered, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation. 2003;107:817–823
  17. Tardiff JC, Ford I, Tendera M, et al. Efficacy of ivabradine, a new selective If inhibitor, compared with atenolol in patients with chronic stable angina. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:2529–2536
  18. Ferrari R, Cargnoni A, Ceconi C. Anti-ischaemic effect of ivabradine. Pharmacol Res. 2006;53:435–439
  19. Lopez-Bescos L, Filipova S, Martos R. Long-term safety and efficacy of ivabradine in patients with chronic stable angina. Cardiology. 2007;108:387–396
  20. Ruzyllo W, Tendera M, Ford I, et al. Antianginal efficacy and safety of ivabradine compared with amlodipine in patients with stable effort angina pectoris: a 3 month randomised, double blind, multicentre, noninferiority trial. Drugs. 2007;67:393–405
  21. Concato J, Shah N, Horwitz RI. Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1887–1892
  22. Pocock SJ, Elbourne DR. Randomized trials or observational tribulations?. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1907–1909
  23. Campeau L. Grading of angina pectoris. Circulation. 1976;54:522–523
  24. Tardiff JC. Clinical results of If current inhibition by ivabradine. Drugs. 2007;67(Suppl 2):35–41
  25. Psaty BM, Manolio TA, Kuller LH. Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults. Circulation. 1997;96:2455–2461
  26. Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB. The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study. Am J Med. 1995;98:476–484
  27. Robinson BF. Relation of heart rate and systolic blood pressure to the onset of pain in angina pectoris. Circulation. 1967;35:1073–1083
  28. Siegel RK. Hallucinations. Sci Am. 1977;237:132–140
  29. Cervetto L, Demontis GC, Gargini C. Cellular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological induction of phosphens. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;150:383–390

PII: S0002-8703(09)00450-5

doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.06.008

American Heart Journal
Volume 158, Issue 4 , Pages e51-e57 , October 2009