American Heart Journal
Volume 157, Issue 3 , Pages 442-449 , March 2009

Pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs: Rationale and design of the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) study

  • Julie A. Johnson, PharmD

      Affiliations

    • University of Florida College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, FL
    • University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Julie A. Johnson, PharmD, University of Florida, Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486.
    • ,
  • Eric Boerwinkle, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University of Texas at Houston Center for Human Genetics, Houston, TX
    • ,
  • Issam Zineh, PharmD

      Affiliations

    • University of Florida College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, FL
    • University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
    • ,
  • Arlene B. Chapman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
    • ,
  • Kent Bailey, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff, PharmD, MS

      Affiliations

    • University of Florida College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, FL
    • University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
    • ,
  • John Gums, PharmD

      Affiliations

    • University of Florida College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, FL
    • University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
    • ,
  • R. Whit Curry, MD

      Affiliations

    • University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
    • ,
  • Yan Gong, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University of Florida College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, FL
    • ,
  • Amber L. Beitelshees, PharmD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • University of Florida College of Pharmacy and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, FL
    • ,
  • Gary Schwartz, MD

      Affiliations

    • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
    • ,
  • Stephen T. Turner, MD

      Affiliations

    • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN

Received 2 September 2008 ,Accepted 26 November 2008.

References 

  1. AHA . Heart disease and stroke statistics—2008 update. Dallas (Tex): American Heart Assocation; 2008;
  2. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 Report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–2571
  3. Cutler JA, Davis BR. Thiazide-type diuretics and beta-adrenergic blockers as first-line drug treatments for hypertension. Circulation. 2008;117:2691–2704[discussion 2705]
  4. Messerli FH, Bangalore S, Julius S. Risk/Benefit assessment of beta-blockers and diuretics precludes their use for first-line therapy in hypertension. Circulation. 2008;117:2706–2715[discussion 2715]
  5. Ma J, Stafford RS. Screening, treatment, and control of hypertension in US private physician offices, 2003-2004. Hypertension. 2008;51:1275–1281
  6. Materson BJ. Variability in response to antihypertensive drug treatment. Hypertension. 2004;43:1166–1167
  7. Clement DL, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer DA, et al. Prognostic value of ambulatory blood-pressure recordings in patients with treated hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2407–2415
  8. Ohkubo T, Imai Y, Tsuji I, et al. Home blood pressure measurement has a stronger predictive power for mortality than does screening blood pressure measurement: a population-based observation in Ohasama, Japan. J Hypertens. 1998;16:971–975
  9. Stergiou GS, Baibas NM, Gantzarou AP, et al. Reproducibility of home, ambulatory, and clinic blood pressure: implications for the design of trials for the assessment of antihypertensive drug efficacy. Am J Hypertens. 2002;15(2 Pt 1):101–104
  10. Beitelshees AL, Zineh I, Yarandi HN, et al. Discordant beta-blocker effects on clinic, ambulatory, resting, and exercise hemodynamics in patients with hypertension. Pharmacotherapy. 2006;26:1247–1254
  11. Finkielman JD, Schwartz GL, Chapman AB, et al. Lack of agreement between office and ambulatory blood pressure responses to hydrochlorothiazide. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:398–402
  12. Stergiou GS, Efstathiou SP, Skeva , et al. Assessment of drug effects on blood pressure and pulse pressure using clinic, home and ambulatory measurements. J Hum Hypertens. 2002;16:729–735
  13. Mancia G, Omboni S, Parati G, et al. Lack of placebo effect on ambulatory blood pressure. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:311–315
  14. Imai Y, Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, et al. Usefulness of home blood pressure measurements in assessing the effect of treatment in a single-blind placebo-controlled open trial. J Hypertens. 2001;19:179–185
  15. Garcia-Estevez DA, Araujo-Vilar D, Fiestras-Janeiro G, et al. Comparison of several insulin sensitivity indices derived from basal plasma insulin and glucose levels with minimal model indices. Horm Metab Res. 2003;35:13–17
  16. Schroeder K, Fahey T, Ebrahim S. How can we improve adherence to blood pressure-lowering medication in ambulatory care? Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:722–732
  17. Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:895–906
  18. O'Brien E, Waeber B, Parati G, et al. Blood pressure measuring devices: recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension. BMJ. 2001;322:531–536
  19. Keating BJ, Tischfield S, Murray SS, et al. Concept, design and implementation of a cardiovascular gene-centric 50 k SNP array for large-scale genomic association studies. PLoS ONE. 2008;3:e3583

 This work is funded by the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD; grant U01-GM074492), as part of the Pharmacogenetics Research Network.

PII: S0002-8703(08)01041-7

doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.11.018

American Heart Journal
Volume 157, Issue 3 , Pages 442-449 , March 2009

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