American Heart Journal
Volume 157, Issue 3 , Pages 589-595 , March 2009

Heparin/PF4 antibodies formation after heparin treatment: Temporal aspects and long-term follow-up

  • Anna Vittoria Mattioli, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Science, Cardiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Anna Vittoria Mattioli, MD, Department of Cardiology University of Modena and R.E. Via del pozzo, 71 41100 Modena, Italy.
    • ,
  • Lorenzo Bonetti, MD

      Affiliations

    • Pavullo Hospital, Modena, Italy
    • ,
  • Mauro Zennaro, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
    • ,
  • Giuseppe Ambrosio, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Cardiology Department, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
    • ,
  • Giorgio Mattioli, MD

      Affiliations

    • National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Modena, Italy

Received 9 September 2008 ,Accepted 14 November 2008.

References 

  1. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JO, Horsewood P, et al. Impact of the patient population on the risk for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2000;96:1703–1708
  2. Das P, Ziada K, Steinhubl SR, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and cardiovascular diseases. Am Heart J. 2006;152:19–26
  3. Mattioli AV. Prevalence of Anti-PF4/heparin antibodies and the HIT syndrome in cardiovascular medicine. Sem Thromb Hemost. 2004;30:291–295
  4. Mattahi WH. Treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in cardiovascular patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006;7:267–276
  5. Warkentin TE. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a clinicopathologic syndrome. Thromb Haemost. 1999;82:439–447
  6. Oliveira GBF, Crespo EM, Becker RC, et al. for the Complications After Thrombocytopenia Caused by Heparin (CATCH) Registry Investigators Incidence and prognostic significance of thrombocytopenia in patients treated with prolonged heparin therapy. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(1):94–102
  7. Williams RT, Damaraju LV, Mascelli MA, et al. Anti–platelet factor 4/heparin antibodies: an independent predictor of 30-day myocardial infarction after acute coronary ischemic syndromes. Circulation. 2003;107:2307–2312
  8. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. A 14-year study of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Med. 1996;101:502–507
  9. Cines DB, Kaywin P, Bina M, et al. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:788–795
  10. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. Temporal aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2001;334:1286–1292
  11. Warkentin TE, Heddle NM. Laboratory diagnosis of immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Curr Hematol Rep. 2003;2:148–157
  12. Mattioli AV, Bonetti L, Sternieri S, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients treated with unfractionated heparin: prevalence of thrombosis in a 1 year follow-up. Ital Heart J. 2000;1:39–42
  13. Nashef SAM, Roques F, Michel P, et al. the EuroSCORE Study Group European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;16:9–13.
  14. Zwicker JI, Uhl L, Huang WY, et al. Thrombosis and ELISA optical density values in hospitalized patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2:2133–2137
  15. Ohman EM, Granger CB, Rice L, et al. Identification, diagnosis, and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis: a registry of prolonged heparin and thrombocytopenia among hospitalized patients with and without cardiovascular disease. The Complication After Thrombocytopenia Caused by Heparin (CATCH) Registry Steering Committee. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2005;19:11–19
  16. Warkentin TE, Greinacher A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: recognition, treatment, and prevention: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest. 2004;126:311S–317S
  17. Menajovsky LB. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: clinical manifestations and management strategies. Am J Med. 2005;118:21S–30S
  18. Bauer KA. Selective inhibition of coagulation factors: advances in antithrombotic therapy. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2002;28(Suppl 2):15–24
  19. Khairy M, Lasne D, Brohard-Bohn B, et al. A new approach in the study of the molecular and cellular events implicated in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregates. Thromb Haemost. 2001;85:1090–1096
  20. Potzsch B, Klovekorn WP, Madlener K. Use of heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:515–518
  21. Rice L, Attisha WK, Drexler A, et al. Delayed onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:210–215
  22. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. Delayed-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:502–506
  23. Kuitunen A, Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Raivio P, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia following cardiac surgery is associated with poor outcome. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anest. 2007;21:18–22
  24. Pouplard C, May MA, Regina S, et al. Changes in platelet count after cardiac surgery can effectively predict the development of pathogenic heparin-dependent antibodies. Br J Haematol. 2005;128:837–841
  25. Bennett-Guerrero E, Slaughter TF, White WD, et al. Preoperative anti-PF4/heparin antibody level predicts adverse outcome after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;130:1567–1572
  26. Greinacher A, Farner B, Kroll H, et al. Clinical features of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia including risk factors for thrombosis: a retrospective analysis of 408 patients. Thromb Haemost. 2005;94:132–135
  27. Warkentin TE. Clinical presentation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Semin Hematol. 1998;35:9–16
  28. Warkentin TE, Chong BH, Greinacher A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: towards consensus. Thromb Haemost. 1998;79:1–7
  29. Bolton FG, Young RV. Observations on cases of thrombocytopenic purpura due to quinidine, sulphamezathine, and quinidine. J Clin Pathol. 1953;6:320–323

PII: S0002-8703(08)00984-8

doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.11.007

American Heart Journal
Volume 157, Issue 3 , Pages 589-595 , March 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution