American Heart Journal
Volume 152, Issue 3 , Pages 420-426 , September 2006

RAte Control Efficacy in permanent atrial fibrillation: a comparison between lenient versus strict rate control in patients with and without heart failure. Background, aims, and design of RACE II

  • Isabelle C. Van Gelder, MD

      Affiliations

    • University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Isabelle C. Van Gelder, MD, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
    • ,
  • Dirk J. Van Veldhuisen, MD

      Affiliations

    • University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Harry J.G.M. Crijns, MD

      Affiliations

    • University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Ype S. Tuininga, MD

      Affiliations

    • WCN Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Jan G.P. Tijssen, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Academical Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • A. Marco Alings, MD

      Affiliations

    • WCN, Amphia Hospital Breda, Breda, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Hans A. Bosker, MD

      Affiliations

    • WCN, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Jan H. Cornel, MD

      Affiliations

    • WCN, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Otto Kamp, MD

      Affiliations

    • VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Nic J.G.M. Veeger, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Trial Coordination Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Meint Volbeda, MD

      Affiliations

    • University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Michiel Rienstra, MD

      Affiliations

    • University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Adelita V. Ranchor, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Northern Center for Healthcare Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Elisabeth M. TenVergert, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Office for Medical Technology Assessment, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Maarten P. Van Den Berg, MD

      Affiliations

    • University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands

Received 4 November 2005 ,Accepted 27 February 2006.

References 

  1. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Asinger RW, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1231–1266
  2. Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP, et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1825–1833
  3. Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA, et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1834–1840
  4. Hohnloser SH, Kuck KH, Lilienthal J. Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation—Pharmacological Intervention in Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;356:1789–1794
  5. Carlsson J, Miketic S, Windeler JJ, et al. Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm-control in persistent atrial fibrillation. The Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:1690–1696
  6. Opolski G, Torbicki A, Kosior D, et al. Rate control versus rhythm control in patients with nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation: the results of the Polish How to Treat Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (HOT CAFE) Study. Chest. 2004;126:476–486
  7. Van Gelder CI, Rienstra M, Van den Berg MP, et al. Rate control in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:2417–2418
  8. Olshansky B, Rosenfeld LE, Warner AL, et al. The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. Approaches to control rate in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1201–1208
  9. Cooper HA, Bloomfield DA, Bush DE, et al. The relationship between achieved heart rate and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis from the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93:1247–1253
  10. Van Gelder IC, Wyse DG, Chandler ML, et al. Does intensity of rate-control influence outcome in atrial fibrillation?. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1:S34
  11. Rienstra M, Van Gelder IC, Van den Berg MP, et al. A comparison of low versus high heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation and advanced chronic heart failure: effects on clinical profile, neurohormone and survival—data of the PRIME II study. Int J Cardiol. 2006;109:95–100
  12. Khand AU, Rankin AC, Martin W, et al. Carvedilol alone or in combination with digoxin for the management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1944–1951
  13. Lechat P, Hulot J-S, Escolano S, et al. on behalf of the CIBIS II Investigators. Heart rate and cardiac rhythm relationships with bisoprolol in chronic heart failure in CIBIS II trial. Circulation. 2001;103:1428–1433
  14. Tuinenburg AE, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Boomsma F, et al. Comparison of plasma neurohormones in congestive heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation versus patients with sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:1207–1210
  15. Rossi A, Enriquez-Sarano M, Burnett JC, et al. Natriuretic peptide levels in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1256–1262
  16. Van den Berg MP, Tjeerdsma G, De Kam PJ, et al. Longstanding atrial fibrillation causes depletion of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with advanced heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2002;4:255–262

 The study is supported by NHS (Netherlands Heart Foundation, 2003B118), ICIN (Interuniversity Cardiology Institute, The Netherlands), WCN (Working Group Cardiology, The Netherlands); AstraZeneca, Biotronik, Guidant, Medtronic, Roche, and Vitatron (all The Netherlands); and Sanofi-Aventis France.

PII: S0002-8703(06)00172-4

doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.02.033

American Heart Journal
Volume 152, Issue 3 , Pages 420-426 , September 2006

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