American Heart Journal
Volume 151, Issue 5 , Pages 985-991 , May 2006

Relationship of dose of background angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor to the benefits of candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM)–Added trial

  • John J.V. McMurray, MB, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: John J.V. McMurray, MB, MD, Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, G11 6NT Glasgow, UK.
    • ,
  • James B. Young, MD

      Affiliations

    • Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
    • ,
  • Mark E. Dunlap, MD

      Affiliations

    • Case Western Reserve University and VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
    • ,
  • Christopher B. Granger, MD

      Affiliations

    • Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
    • ,
  • James Hainer, MD

      Affiliations

    • AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, DE
    • ,
  • Eric L. Michelson, MD

      Affiliations

    • AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, DE
    • ,
  • Steven Earle, PhD

      Affiliations

    • AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, DE
    • ,
  • Bertil Olofsson, PhD

      Affiliations

    • AstraZeneca, R&D Mölndal, Sweden
    • ,
  • Jan Östergren, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
    • ,
  • Salim Yusuf, MD, DPhil

      Affiliations

    • HGM-McMaster Clinic, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • Karl Swedberg, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Göteborg, Sweden
    • ,
  • Marc A. Pfeffer, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
    • ,
  • on behalf of the CHARM Investigators

Received 30 December 2005 ,Accepted 14 February 2006.

References 

  1. Carson PE. Rationale for the use of combination angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy in heart failure. Am Heart J. 2000;140:361–366
  2. McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet. 2003;362:767–771
  3. The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1429–1435
  4. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:293–302
  5. Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S, et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:303–310
  6. Packer M, Califf RM, Konstam MA, et al. Comparison of omapatrilat and enalapril in patients with chronic heart failure: the Omapatrilat Versus Enalapril Randomized Trial of Utility in Reducing Events (OVERTURE). Circulation. 2002;106:920–926
  7. Remme WJ, Riegger G, Hildebrandt P, et al. The benefits of early combination treatment of carvedilol and an ACE-inhibitor in mild heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The carvedilol and ACE-inhibitor remodelling mild heart failure evaluation trial (CARMEN). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2004;18:57–66
  8. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:709–717
  9. Hjalmarson A, Goldstein S, Fagerberg B, et al. Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). MERIT-HF Study Group. JAMA. 2000;283:1295–1302
  10. http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/05/slides/2005-409251-03-AstraZeneca-Dosing.ppt.
  11. Nanas JN, Alexopoulos G, Anastasiou-Nana MI, et al. Outcome of patients with congestive heart failure treated with standard versus high doses of enalapril: a multicenter study. High Enalapril Dose Study Group. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:2090–2095
  12. Remme WJ, Swedberg K Task force for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure. European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:1527–1560

 The CHARM program was funded by AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, which was responsible for data collection and analysis. Academic leadership was provided by the executive committee who supervised the management of the study and was responsible for the interpretation of the data, preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript. Authors who are employees of AstraZeneca are identified as such. All other authors have received research grants, consultancy fees, and/or speaker fees from AstraZeneca.Guest editor of this manuscript is Harvey D. White, DSc.

PII: S0002-8703(06)00167-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.02.028

American Heart Journal
Volume 151, Issue 5 , Pages 985-991 , May 2006

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