American Heart Journal
Volume 151, Issue 5 , Pages 962-968 , May 2006

24-Hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

Received 14 March 2005 ,Accepted 14 March 2005.

References 

  1. Schappert SM. National ambulatory medical survey: 1991 summary. NCHS Advance Data, No. 230, Vital and Health Statistics of the National Center for Health Statistics. US Department of Health and Human Services Publication (PHS) 93-1250. Hyattsville, MD, March 29, 1993.
  2. O'Brien E, Atkins N, Staessen J. State of the market. A review of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring devices. Hypertension. 1995;25:835–842
  3. Pickering TG for an American Society of Hypertension Ad Hoc Panel. Recommendations for the use of home (self) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Am J Hypertens. 1996;9:1–11
  4. American College of Physicians . Automated ambulatory blood pressure monitoring devices: their role in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:889–892
  5. Mancia G. Clinical use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Am J Hypertens. 1989;2:50S–54S
  6. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee . National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group report on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:2270–2280
  7. Sheps SG, Clement DL, Pickering TG. ACC position statement. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:1511–1513
  8. Staessen JA, Beilin L, Parati G. Task force IV: clinical use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Participants of the 1999 Consensus Conference on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. Blood Press Monit. 1999;4:319–331
  9. O'Brien E, Coats A, Owens P. Use and interpretation of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: recommendations of the British Hypertension Society. BMJ. 2000;320:1128–1134
  10. O'Brien E. Proceedings from a workshop on measurement of blood pressure of the working group on blood pressure monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension, Milan, June 1999. Blood Press Monit. 2000;5:31–32
  11. O'Brien E, Beevers G, Lip GY. ABC of hypertension. Blood pressure measurement. Part III—automated sphygmomanometry: ambulatory blood pressure measurement. BMJ. 2001;322:1110–1114
  12. Mancia G, Sega R, Bravi C. Ambulatory blood pressure normality: results from the PAMELA study. J Hypertens. 1995;13:1377–1390
  13. Mancia G, Omboni S, Ravogli A. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the evaluation of antihypertensive treatment: additional information from a large data base. Blood Press. 1995;4:148–156
  14. Verdecchia P. Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure: current evidence and clinical implications. Hypertension. 2000;35:844–851
  15. Mancia G, Parati G. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and organ damage. Hypertension. 2000;36:894–900
  16. Fagard R, Staessen JA, Thijs L. The relationships between left ventricular mass and daytime and night-time blood pressures: a meta-analysis of comparative studies. J Hypertens. 1995;13:823–829
  17. Fagard R, Staessen J, Thijs L. Multiple standardized clinic blood pressures may predict left ventricular mass as well as ambulatory monitoring. A metaanalysis of comparative studies. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:533–540
  18. Palatini P, Morimino P, Martina S. Blood pressure variability and night-time blood pressure versus hypertensive cardiovascular complications: an analysis on 522 subjects. Cardiologia. 1990;35:217–222
  19. Redon J, Liao Y, Lozano JV. Ambulatory blood pressure and microalbuminuria in essential hypertension: role of circadian variability. J Hypertens. 1994;12:947–953
  20. Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K. Silent cerebrovascular disease in the elderly: correlation with ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertension. 1990;16:692–699
  21. Fagard RH, Staessen JA, Thijs L. Prediction of cardiac structure and function by repeated clinic and ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertension. 1997;29:22–29
  22. Perloff D, Sokolow M, Cowan R. The prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure. JAMA. 1983;249:2793–2798
  23. Perloff D, Sokolow M, Cowan RM. Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure measurements: further analyses. J Hypertens. 1989;7:S3–S10
  24. Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G. Ambulatory blood pressure. An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1994;24:793–801
  25. Mancia G, Zanchetti A, Agabiti-Rosei E. Ambulatory blood pressure is superior to clinic blood pressure in predicting treatment-induced regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. SAMPLE Study Group. Study on Ambulatory Monitoring of Blood Pressure and Lisinopril Evaluation. Circulation. 1997;95:1464–1470
  26. Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R. Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. JAMA. 1999;282:539–546
  27. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet. 1997;350:757–764
  28. Kario K, Matsuo T, Kobayashi H. Nocturnal fall of blood pressure and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly hypertensive subjects: advanced silent cerebrovascular damage in extreme dippers. Hypertension. 1996;27:130–135
  29. O'Brien E, Sheridan J, O'Malley K. Dippers and non-dippers. Lancet. 1988;2:397
  30. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Guerrieri M. Circadian blood pressure changes and left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. Circulation. 1990;81:528–536
  31. Rizzoni D, Muiesan ML, Montani G. Relationship between initial cardiovascular structural changes and daytime and nighttime blood pressure monitoring. Am J Hypertens. 1992;5:180–186
  32. Kuwajima I, Suzuki Y, Shimosawa T. Diminished nocturnal decline in blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Am Heart J. 1992;67:1307–1311
  33. Palatini P, Penzo M, Racioppa A. Clinical relevance of nighttime blood pressure and of daytime blood pressure variability. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:1855–1860
  34. Schmieder RE, Rockstroh JK, Äpfelbacher F. Gender-specific cardiovascular adaptation due to circadian blood pressure variations in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:1160–1166
  35. Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K. Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. J Hypertens. 1992;10:875–878
  36. Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Baldari G. Diurnal variations of blood pressure and microalbuminuria in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1994;7:23–29
  37. Fagard RH, Staessen JA, Thijs L. The relationships between left ventricular mass and daytime and night-time blood pressures: a meta-analysis of comparative studies. J Hypertens. 1995;13:823–829
  38. Joint National Committee . The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2413–2446
  39. Pickering TG, Coats A, Mallion JM. Blood pressure monitoring. Task force V: white-coat hypertension. Blood Press Monit. 1999;4:333–341
  40. Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C. White coat hypertension and white coat effect. Similarities and differences. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:790–798
  41. Pickering TG, James GD, Boddie C. How common is white coat hypertension?. JAMA. 1988;259:225–228
  42. Staessen JA, O'Brien ET, Amery AK. Ambulatory blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive subjects: results from an international database. J Hypertens. 1994;12:S1–S12
  43. Cavallini MC, Roman MJ, Pickering TG. Is white coat hypertension associated with arterial disease or left ventricular hypertrophy?. Hypertension. 1995;26:413–419
  44. Cuspidi C, Marabini M, Lonati L. Cardiac and carotid structure in patients with established hypertension and white coat hypertension. J Hypertens. 1995;13:1707–1711
  45. Khattar RS, Senior R, Lahiri A. Cardiovascular outcome in white-coat versus sustained mild hypertension: a 10-year follow-up study. Circulation. 1998;98:1892–1897
  46. Palatini P, Mormino P, Santonastaso M. Target-organ damage in stage I hypertensive subjects with white coat and sustained hypertension: results from the HARVEST study. Hypertension. 1998;31:57–63
  47. Hoegholm A, Bang LE, Kristensen KS. Microalbuminuria in 411 untreated individuals with established hypertension, white coat hypertension, and normotension. Hypertension. 1994;24:101–105
  48. Redon J, Campos C, Narciso ML. Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in refractory hypertension: a prospective study. Hypertension. 1998;31:712–718
  49. Fagard RH, Staessen JA, Thijs L. Response to antihypertensive therapy in older patients with sustained and nonsustained systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Circulation. 2000;102:1139–1144
  50. Pickering TG, Levenstein M, Walmsley P. Differential effects of doxazosin on clinic and ambulatory pressure according to age, gender, and presence of white coat hypertension. Results of the HALT Study. Hypertension And Lipid Trial Study Group. Am J Hypertens. 1994;7:848–852
  51. Weber MA, Cheung DG, Graettinger WF. Characterization of antihypertensive therapy by whole-day blood pressure monitoring. JAMA. 1988;259:3281–3285
  52. Palatini P, Dorigatti F, Roman E. White-coat hypertension: a selection bias? Harvest Study Investigators. Hypertension and Ambulatory Recording VEnetia STudy. J Hypertens. 1998;16:977–984
  53. Rose G. Epidemiology. In:  Marshall AJ,  Barritt DW editor. The Hypertensive Patient. Kent (England): Pitman Medical; 1980;p. 1–21
  54. O'Brien E, Staessen JA. What is “hypertension”?. Lancet. 1999;353:1541–1543
  55. Staessen JA, Byttebier G, Buntinx F. Antihypertensive treatment based on conventional or ambulatory blood pressure measurement. A randomized controlled trial. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and Treatment of Hypertension Investigators. JAMA. 1997;278:1065–1072
  56. Coats AJ, Radaelli A, Clark SJ. The influence of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on the design and interpretation of trials in hypertension. J Hypertens. 1992;10:385–391
  57. Conway J, Johnston J, Coats A. The use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to improve the accuracy and reduce the numbers of subjects in clinical trials of antihypertensive agents. J Hypertens. 1988;6:111–116
  58. Mancia G, Omboni S, Parati G. Assessment of antihypertensive treatment by ambulatory blood pressure. J Hypertens. 1997;15:S43–S50
  59. Gould BA, Mann S, Davies AB. Does placebo lower blood-pressure?. Lancet. 1981;2:1377–1381
  60. Mutti E, Trazzi S, Omboni S. Effect of placebo on 24-h non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure. J Hypertens. 1991;9:361–364
  61. Mancia G, Omboni S, Parati G. Lack of placebo effect on ambulatory blood pressure. Am J Hypertens. 1995;8:311–315
  62. Staessen JA, Thijs L, Mancia G. Clinical trials with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: fewer patients needed? Syst-Eur Investigators. Lancet. 1994;344:1552–1556
  63. Fenichel RR, Lipicky RJ. On the trough-to-peak ratio of drug effect in antihypertensive trials. Am J Hypertens. 1996;9:105S–107S

 Arlington, Virginia, July 19 to 21, 2001.

 The following companies provided educational grants to support the meeting and preparation of the manuscript: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Aventis, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, and Schering-Plough Research Institute. Jennifer King, PhD, and Kenneth Graham of the Duke Clinical Research Institute provided editorial assistance in preparing the manuscript.

PII: S0002-8703(05)00315-7

doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.03.020

American Heart Journal
Volume 151, Issue 5 , Pages 962-968 , May 2006