American Heart Journal
Volume 148, Issue 1, Supplement , Pages S19-S26 , July 2004

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk: from concept to clinical practice to clinical benefit

  • Paul M Ridker, MD, MPH, FACC

      Affiliations

    • Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Paul M Ridker, MD, MPH, Director, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 900 Commonwealth Avenue East, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

References 

  1. Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, et al.  Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:973–979
  2. Ridker PM. Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation. 2003;107:363–369
  3. Tice JA, Browner W, Tracy RP, et al.  The relation of C-reactive protein levels to total and cardiovascular mortality in older U.S. women. Am J Med. 2003;114:199–205
  4. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, et al.  C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:836–843
  5. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, et al.  Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1557–1565
  6. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, et al.  C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2001;286:327–334
  7. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, et al.  C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events. An 8-year follow-up of 14 719 initially healthy American women. Circulation. 2003;107:391–397
  8. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults . Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  9. Sakkinen P, Abbott RD, Curb JD, et al.  C-reactive protein and myocardial infarction. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:445–451
  10. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, et al.  AHA/CDC Scientific Statement. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Application to clinical and public health practice. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2003;107:499–511
  11. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer MA, et al.  Inflammation, pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) investigators. Circulation. 1998;98:839–844
  12. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer M, et al.  Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) investigators. Circulation. 1999;100:230–235
  13. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Clearfield M, et al.  Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1959–1965
  14. Ridker PM  JUPITER Study Group . Rosuvastatin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients with low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Rationale and design of the JUPITER trial. Circulation. 2003;108:2292–2297
  15. Jones PH, Davidson MH, Stein EA, et al.  Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR trial). Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:152–160
  16. Danenberg HD, Szalai AJ, Swaminathan RV, et al.  Increased thrombosis after arterial injury in human C-reactive protein-transgenic mice. Circulation. 2003;108:512–515
  17. Jabs WJ, Theissing E, Nitschke M, et al.  Local generation of C-reactive protein in diseased coronary artery venous bypass grafts and normal vascular tissue. Circulation. 2003;108:1428–1431
  18. Calabró P, Willerson JT, Yeh ETH. Inflammatory cytokines stimulated C-reactive protein production by human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Circulation. 2003;108:1930–1932
  19. Khot UN, Khot MB, Bajzer CT, et al.  Prevalence of conventional risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. JAMA. 2003;290:898–904

PII: S0002-8703(04)00229-7

doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.04.028

American Heart Journal
Volume 148, Issue 1, Supplement , Pages S19-S26 , July 2004

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