Clinical trials in Japan and the United States

References 

1. Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). 2001. American College of Cardiology Web site. Available at: http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/failure/hf_index.htm
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3. Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, et al.  The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (US Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group). N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1349–1355
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4. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomized trial. Lancet 1999;353:9–13
5. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999;353:2001–7
6. Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, et al.  Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1651–1658
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7. Poole-Wilson PA, Swedberg K, Cleland JGF, et al.  Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol or metoprolol european trial (COMET) (randomised controlled trial). Lancet. 2003;262:7–13
8. Hori M, Sasayama S, Kitabatake A, et al. Low-dose carvedilol improves left ventricular function and reduces cardiovascular hospitalization in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure: The Multicenter Carvedilol Heart Failure Dose Assessment (MUCHA) trial. Am Heart J 2004;147:324–30