American Heart Journal
Volume 146, Issue 6 , Pages 935-937 , December 2003

Women and outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery: do we have an answer?

  • Viola Vaccarino, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Viola Vaccarino, MD, PhD, 1256 Briarcliff Rd, Suite 1 North, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA.

References 

  1. American Heart Association. 2002 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association; 2001;
  2. Jacobs AK. Coronary revascularization in women in 2003. Sex revisited. Circulation. 2003;107:375–377
  3. Yusuf S, Zucker D, Peduzzi P, et al.  Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival (overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration). Lancet. 1994;344:563–570
  4. Fisher LD, Kennedy JW, Davis KD, et al.  Association of sex, physical size and operative mortality after coronary artery bypass in Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg. 1982;84:334–341
  5. Aldea GS, Gaudiani JM, Shapira OM, et al.  Effect of gender on postoperative outcomes and hospital stays after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67:1097–1103
  6. King KB, Clark PC, Hicks GL. Patterns of referral and recovery in women and men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:179–182
  7. Loop FD, Golding LR, MacMillan JP, et al.  Coronary artery surgery in women compared with men (analyses of risks and long-term results). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;1:383–390
  8. Douglas JS, King SBI, Craver JM, et al.  Reduced efficacy of coronary bypass surgery in women. Circulation. 1981;64(2 Suppl):II-11–16
  9. Khan SS, Nessim S, Gray R, et al.  Increased mortality of women in coronary artery bypass surgery (evidence for referral bias). Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:561–567
  10. O'Connor GT, Morton JR, Diehl MJ, et al.  Differences between men and women in hospital mortality associated with coronary bypass graft surgery. Circulation. 1993;88:2104–2110
  11. Sjoland H, Caidahl K, Karlson BW, et al.  Limitation of physical activity, dyspnea and chest pain before and two years after coronary artery bypass grafting in relation to sex. Int J Cardiol. 1997;61:123–133
  12. Herlitz J, Wiklund I, Sjoland H, et al.  Relief of symptoms and improvement of health-related quality of life five years after coronary artery bypass graft in women and men. Clin Cardiol. 2001;24:385–392
  13. Rankin S. Differences in recovery from cardiac surgery (a profile of male and female patients). Heart Lung. 1990;19:481–485
  14. Stewart RD, Blair JL, Emond CE, et al.  Gender and functional outcome after coronary artery bypass. Surgery. 1999;126:184–190
  15. Ayanian JZ, Guadagnoli E, Cleary PD. Physical and psychosocial functioning of women and men after coronary artery bypass surgery. JAMA. 1995;274:1767–1770
  16. King KM, Collins-Nakai RL. Short term recovery from cardiac surgery in women (suggestions for practice). Can J Cardiol. 1998;14:1367–1371
  17. King KB, Porter LA, Rowe MA. Functional, social, and emotional outcomes in women and men in the first year following coronary artery bypass surgery. J Womens Health. 1994;3:347–354
  18. Sjoland H, Wiklund I, Caidahl K, et al.  Improvement in quality of life differs between women and men after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Intern Med. 1999;245:445–454
  19. Vaccarino V, Lin ZQ, Kasl SV, et al.  Sex differences in recovery after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:307–314
  20. Davis CE. The effect of regression to the mean in epidemiologic and clinical studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1976;104:493–498
  21. Czajkowski SM, Terrin M, Lindquist R, et al.  Comparison of preoperative characteristics of men and women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (the Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft [CABG] Biobehavioral Study). Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:1017–1024
  22. Becher H. The concept of residual confounding in regression models and some applications. Stat Med. 1992;11:1747–1758
  23. Hogue CW, Barzilai B, Pieper KS, et al.  Sex differences in neurological outcomes and mortality after cardiac surgery (a society of thoracic surgery national database report). Circulation. 2001;103:2133–2137
  24. O'Rourke DJ, Malenka DJ, Olmstead EM, et al.  Improved in-hospital mortality in women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group). Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:507–511
  25. Krumholz HM, Douglas PS, Lauer MS, et al.  Selection of patients for coronary angiography and coronary revascularization early after myocardial infarction (is there evidence for a gender bias?). Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:785–790
  26. Hochman JS, Tamis JE, Thompson TD, et al.  Sex, clinical presentation, and outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:226–232

PII: S0002-8703(03)00452-6

doi: 10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00452-6

American Heart Journal
Volume 146, Issue 6 , Pages 935-937 , December 2003

Article Tools