American Heart Journal
Volume 146, Issue 2 , Pages 194-196 , August 2003

Heart failure and the elderly: disease diversity, data, and delivery of care

  • Karen P. Alexander, MD

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Karen P. Alexander, MD, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Room 7068, PO Box 17969, Durham, NC 27715, USA.
    • ,
  • Mimi S. Biswas, MD

      Affiliations

    • Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA

References 

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  2. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:293–302
  3. MERIT-HF Investigators. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure (Metoprolol CR/LX Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)). Lancet. 1999;353:2001–2007
  4. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al.  The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:709–717
  5. Lee PY, Alexander KP, Hammill BG, et al. Representation of elderly persons and women in published randomized trials of acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 2001;708-13
  6. Gurwitz JH, Col NF, Avorn J. The exclusion of the elderly and women from clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1992;268:1417–1422
  7. Heiat A, Gross CP, Krumholtz HM. Representation of the elderly, women, and minorities in heart failure clinical trials. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1682–1688
  8. Shocken DD, Arrieta MI, Leaverton PE, et al.  Prevalence and mortality rate of congestive heart failure in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:301–306
  9. Gottdiener JS, McClelland RL, Marshall R, et al.  Outcome of congestive heart failure in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:631–639
  10. Peterson ED, Lytle BL, Alexander KP, et al.  The willingness of under-represented groups to participate in clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:435A
  11. Packer M, O’Connor CM, Ghali JK, et al.  Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1107–1114
  12. Thackray S, Witte K, Clark AL, et al.  Clinical trials update (OPTIME-CHF, PRAISE-2, ALL-HAT). Eur J Heart Failure. 2000;2:209–212
  13. Yusuf S, Lonn E, Bosch J, et al.  Summary of randomized trails of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1999;21:835–845
  14. Levine TB, Levine AB, Bolenbaugh J, et al.  Reversal of heart failure remodeling with age. Am J Geriat Cardiol. 2002;11:299–304
  15. Rathore SS, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. Sex-based differences in the effect of digoxin for the treatment of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1403–1411
  16. Howard PA, Shireman TI, Dhingra A, et al.  Patterns of ACE inhibitor use in elderly Medicaid patients with heart failure. Am J Geriat Cardiol. 2002;11:287–294
  17. Al-Khadra AS, Salem DN, Rand WM, et al.  Antiplatelet agents and survival (a cohort Analysis from the studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:419–425
  18. Cohn JN, Tognoni GA  Valsartan Heart Failure Trial Investigators. Randomized Trial of the Angiotensin-receptor blocker Valsartan in Chronic Heart Failure. N Eng J Med. 2001;345:1667–1675

PII: S0002-8703(03)00190-X

doi: 10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00190-X

American Heart Journal
Volume 146, Issue 2 , Pages 194-196 , August 2003

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